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IPv4 and IPv6
Common types of IP addresses (known as IPv4, or "Version 4"). Below are examples of IP addresses:
25.59.209.224
An IPv4 address consists of four numbers, each containing one to three digits, separated by a dot (.) between each number or group of numbers. Each of these four numbers ranges from 0 to 255. These independent numbers create addresses that allow you and people worldwide to send and retrieve data over our internet connections. IPv4 uses a 32-bit addressing scheme, allowing for 2^32 addresses, which is over 4 billion. To date, it has been considered the primary internet protocol, carrying 94% of internet traffic. Initially, it was believed the addresses would never run out, but the current situation has paved a new path for IPv6. Let’s see why? An IPv6 address consists of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits. Below is an example of an IPv6 address:
3001:0da8:75a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
This new IP address version was deployed to meet the demand for more internet addresses. Its purpose is to address issues related to IPv4. With a 128-bit address space, it allows for 340 undecillion unique addresses. IPv6 is also known as IPng (Internet Protocol next generation).
Theoretically, IPv6 supports up to 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses. Simply put, we will never run out of IP addresses.
Types of IPv6 Addresses
Now that we understand what an IPv6 address is, let’s look at its different types.
Unicast Address: It identifies a unique node on the network, typically referring to a single sender or receiver.
Multicast Address: Represents a group of IP devices and can only be the destination of a data packet.
Anycast Address: It is assigned to a group of interfaces, usually belonging to different nodes.
Advantages of IPv6
Reliability
Faster Speed: IPv6 supports multicast rather than broadcast in IPv4. This feature allows bandwidth-intensive data streams (such as multimedia streams) to be sent to multiple destinations at once.
Stronger Security: IPSecurity is embedded in IPv6, providing confidentiality and data integrity.
Routing Efficiency
Most importantly, it is the ultimate solution for the ever-growing nodes in the global network.
Disadvantages of IPv6
Transition: Due to the widespread use of IPv4, a complete shift to IPv6 will take a long time.
Communication: IPv4 and IPv6 machines cannot communicate directly. They require intermediate technology to achieve this.